Crucifix, the Sorrowful Virgin and Scholastic Saint

Author: Antonio Filocamo (Messina 1676-1743), attr.

Dating: Third decade sec. XVIII

Material: Oil on canvas

Dimensions: cm 180×110

Location: Milazzo, Municipal Palace – Fund of Buildings

The canvas from the church of the Benedictine monastery of the Badia del S.S. Salvatore di Milazzo, founded in 1616 in the walled city, where there are still ruins, and moved to the current site after 1718; the work, remembered in the sacristy, is now in storage at the Municipal Palace of Milazzo. In the setting of Marattesco, the figures of the Crucifix, the Virgin Mary and Saint Scholastica, sister of Saint Benedict, are placed with calculated spatial perspective, against a background of sky animated by figures of putti among thick clouds. The Crucifix, studied academically in the rich seventeenth century Sicilian and Roman tradition, also at the school of Maratta, is plastically built with subtle luministic effects, today partly lost to the poor conditions of the canvas. More conventional the figures of the Virgin, made with measured linear and chromatic rhythm in the traditional combination of the pink dress with the blue mantle and Santa Scolastica, caught in an expression of pathetic devotion. In the foreground there is an angel with large feathered wings, depicted as a back and a winged putto.

The beautiful baroque frame has a special decorative effect, linked to the rich tradition of local shops, of gilded wood and carved with motifs of volutes and, on the sides, two all-round little puttini, blessing, cultured “in motion” on long festoons of leaves. Attributed to the workshop of brothers Antonio and Paolo Filocamo, for the obvious stylistic affinities with the canvas depicting L’Estasi di San Francesco di Paola, created by Antonio Filocamo in 1734 for the church of Messina SS. Cosma and Damiano, now at the Regional Museum of Messina, the work can be placed in the production of the painter, in the third decade of the eighteenth century. The particular compositional cut, taken from models of Maratta, master of the brothers Filocamo in the Roman living room, unites the two canvases, more complex and crowded that of the Regional Museum of Messina, built wisely in the calculated spatial game between classicism and baroque. Plant also used in the canvas depicting the Virgin before the Crucifix intercedes for the souls of the Purgatory of the Regional Museum of Messina, by Placido Celi, who was also active in Rome for a long time and popularizer of stylistic models of Maratian descent within the pictorial culture of Messina in the early eighteenth century. The canvas, also inspired by models of Sebastiano Conca, well known in Sicily, is built with skillful lighting effects and demonstrates the refined technique of the painter, engaged also in complex altarpieces, as well as in the great cycles of frescoes for major churches in Messina, including those of Santa Caterina Valverde and those of San Gregorio (1723), now almost entirely lost, which reveal the knowledge of the great Roman and Neapolitan decorations studied for a long time at the school of Maratta.

The typology of Christ can also be linked to the figure of the Ecce Homo of the Regional Museum of Messina, created by Antonio Filocamo, for the church of the Benedictine Monastery of Montevergine, Also inspired by the figures of Pietro Novelli and some Flemish and built with skillful touches and light on the dark background. In the beautiful classic face, with painful expression accentuated by eyes veiled by shadow, a clever play of chiaroscuro is made, on which stands out the invention of the “halo” of light around the crown of thorns, almost a stylistic figure of the painter, also present in the Crucifix of the Ecstasy of San Francesco di Paola of the Regional Museum and in works of lower quality as the martyrdom of San Bartolomeo, the church of San Sebastiano a Melilli, no longer readable in the Crucifix, but well visible on the head of Santa Scholastica of the canvas of Milazzo. Antonio Filocamo, founder with the brothers Paolo and Gaetano of an academy of Drawing and Nude, in which many of the painters were trained to become the protagonists of the Sicilian pictorial scene, there are few documented works, Including the canvas with The mystical Wedding of Santa Rosa in the mother church of Monforte San Giorgio and the canvas with Our Lady with the Child and Saints of the church of Santa Maria del Gesù di Santa Lucia del Mela. The painter, also known for his work as an engraver, died during the plague of 1743, which affected many of the protagonists of the pictorial school of Messina in the early eighteenth century, interrupting a short season that seemed to have renewed, In Messina, the atmosphere of a happy pictorial translation.

Buda V., Lanuzza S. (a cura di), Tesori di Milazzo. Arte sacra tra Seicento e Settecento., Milazzo 2015